Botswana, a land-locked southern African country, with a population of

some 1.5 million people. It is very sparsely populated thus making

electrification problematic. Lack of access to electricity are faced by

majority of developing countries, particularly rural communities. A

number of developing countries are now encouraging the use of solar home

system and Botswana is not immune to this system.

Initially people in Botswana lived without power and rely on wood for light

and cooking, or sometimes they used kerosene and candles. If they have a

generator, they have to deal with the transportation and expense of diesel

to keep the unit running as well as the maintenance of the engines. But now

it has changed.

This initiative was undertaken in response to Botswana’s urgent call for

alternative fuels and a means of reducing carbon emissions. It targets poor

and female efficient energy devices at affordable prices.

Initially people in Botswana had been using firewood to light and heat

their homes. This practice, used by 80% of Botswana’s rural population has

led to the destruction of countless acres of forest. After purchasing their

own home solar system, however, the family’s world changed overnight.

They are running on energy kiosk that sells solar lanterns, wood saving

stoves and hot bags-that keeps food warm and thereby reduce cooking

time on stoves. In addition to preserving Botswana’s forest by reducing the

need for firewood, the solar power programme is saving women and girls

valuable time. The wood saving stoves for example cooks four persons

meal with only a kilogram of firewood- thereby reducing the time needed

for firewood collection and the hot bags reduce the cooking time overall.

Kerosene lamps and sore eyes were once routine elements of grading

student’s homework. Now, it is a changed world for them.

Children in Botswana spend more time reading and finishing their school

work. Education is enhanced through evening studies and other

educational activities.

It empowers both men and women through income generation. Rural to

urban migration have reduced and upgraded health standards by

electrifying a local health centre. Installing solar panels to power multiple

houses at once has also cut down on costs.

Along with the efficiency of solar system in rural household of Botswana

there are some limitations as well.

First of all, load creep is a problem. Often a system is designed for a specific

load, say on a farm, to run lights. Over years, more electrical devices are

purchased. As a result, the electrical loads grow and after a number of

years, the system is inadequately sized for the demands placed on it.

Secondly, there is a lack of battery maintenance.

Thirdly, although the amount of sunlight in Botswana is relatively high to

other parts of the world, the irradiation levels are only close to one peak

sun at around noon time. A solar panel will therefore only produce its rated

output for a short while around midday, the rest of the time, the irradiation

is lower and the output is commensurately lower.

Inspite of the above mention limitations its efficiency is immensely helping

the rural household of Botswana.

Why go for self-publishing?

Let’s take this simple fact. With a highly competitive environment in traditional publishing, many worthwhile authors cannot find a publishing home although there may well be an eager and receptive audience for that book. And, that’s one of the reasons why self-publishing is getting more and more popular with every passing day.

Let us first see what are the services you need to produce and promote your book, which is in fact your long nurtured dream:

• Typeset your copy: This for the layout of your book. Using a word processor or page layout, your typesetter will do that for you.

• Printers- for self publishing: Here the thumbrule is that the less copies you print the higher goes your cost. So, ideally you should negotiate for at least 1,000 copies of your book. Make sure that you print what you are confident of selling. And remember, you can always print more in a second printing.

• Bookbinders: To produce a hardcover book, you need to look for a binder.

• Book distributors: You also need to find distributors to get your books listed in their catalogs. Keep it in mind that your distributors are wholesalers to the local book stores.

• Publicity and marketing: Bear it in your mind that you are your salesman when you go for self-publishing. So, you need to work on every possible thing that encourages your retailers to carry your book and the readers to buy your book. For this purpose you need to be read with press-releases to get media coverage, obtain reviews and .When self publishing you are responsible for encouraging retailers to carry your book and the public to buy your book. You will write press releases, get media coverage, obtain reviews, and organize book signings.

• Book Cover Design: This is another very crucial factor, if you want to see your book selling.

• CIP Data: A Cataloging in Publication record or CIP data is a bibliographic record prepared by the Library of Congress for a book that has not yet been published. When the book is published, the publisher includes the CIP data on the copyright page thereby facilitating book processing for libraries and book dealers. You need it if you feel like selling your stuff to the libraries.

• ISBN Number: It’s a 13 digit commercial book identifier you need to sell your book anywhere.

• SAN Number: The SAN the Standard Address Number recognizes your publishing address and is available only in the United States.



Self publishing could really be your big break as a writer. Let’s now see the advantages of self publishing…

• Always in your control: Self-publishing keeps you in firm control of your book. It’s all you who take the decision how your book will turn out…whether to add some more color or use thicker print stock..it’s all up to you. Also, since you are in control, you can offer book returns to please retailers. So, with such ultimate control, self-publishing puts you at par with any publication house. But this isn’t the case when someone else is sponsoring your publication. In that case you can’t take any decision about just anything. Whether it’s the editing part, the cover-design, the title or even the marketing. it’s always your sponsor who would have the last word.

• Higher return: As because the competition is fierce in printing industry, you can reap in greater profits by self publishing. Because the printing industry is highly competitive you can achieve better profits than traditional publishing.

• It’s faster: If you go for traditional publishing, it might take you more than two years to release your book. Whereas self publishing is much faster.

• You retain your profits: This is a real benefit Self publishing allows you that. Here, you do not have to wait for months or years to see your takings. In traditional publishing you get royalties only once or twice a year. And royalty is only a small percentage of the book price. Whereas, when you self publish your book then everything you earn is pure profit once you have covered the publications costs.

• You can switch over: Finally, in self publishing you always have the option to break into print, but never the other way round.

• It’s affordable: Besides everything, it’s affordable and very much within your reach…and it has been never so before. Renowned organizations like www.writer4me.com and www.power-publishers.com offers top-class self publishing services at a rate that suits everyone.

What is outsourcing?

Outsourcing is nothing but contracting out to another company or person to do a particular function. Almost every organization out sources in some way. Typically, the function being outsourced is considered non-core to the business. A company, for example, might outsource its security operations to firms specialized in that work.. The outside firms that are providing the outsourcing services are known as service providers.

Although outsourcing has been around as long as work specialization has existed, in recent history, companies began employing the outsourcing model to carry out functions, such as payroll, billing and data entry. It is now a well-accepted fact that a process when outsourced to the right providers, tends to become more perfect and cost-effective.

Currently, outsourcing takes many forms. The most common forms are Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) and Business Process outsourcing (BPO) & Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO).
The process of outsourcing generally involves four steps:

1) Strategic thinking, to develop the organization's philosophy about the role of outsourcing.

2) Evaluation and selection, to decide on the appropriate outsourcing projects and potential locations for the work to be done and service providers to do it

3) Contract development, to work out the legal, pricing and service level agreement (SLA) terms; and

4) Outsourcing management or governance, to refine the ongoing working relationship between the client and outsourcing service providers.

There can be various reasons behind outsourcing, like:-
# Low cost.
# Improved quality.
# Access to wider experience & knowledge..

These are mere theories, for you to make a glance of. For a perfect understanding of what it is all about, you must click on to www.writer4me.com and get a transparent idea about the whole lot.

How can a ghostwriter boost your business?

Is your site full of content that is insipid, boring and tasteless? Are your advertisements making people yawn? Then they need to be spiced up. Outsourcing your ghostwriting can see an increase in your business. If you have a site, which needs professional web content, which is search engine friendly; or your site needs “selling copy”…you should think of hiring a professional writer.

This is what C Turner of UK had to say about www.writer4me.com ; “ You have totally excelled my expectations. I am very pleased with the final result! You can expect work from me in the near future with the other projects I have in the pipeline. Once again many thanks.”

With a professionally created and maintained blog, you can always attract advertisers. Advertising programs like Google Adsense, Yahoo Publishing Network (YPN), and Microsoft Content Ads will do that for you..

There are numerous Companies who will pay commission to you for sending them customers. No, you don’t have to move even an inch for that. These Companies will provide you with a Java code which you need to paste in the HTML of your blog, and your blog will have their banners there. Any reader, who clicks to these banners and become its paid member, will ensure handsome cash for you! What do you think????

Even if the subject of your blog is too common, a professional ghostwriter can still get it noticed and hired , with his inimitable style of writing…so, don’t get surprised with offers that can fetch you no less than $ 100 a day…..yes, and that’s what we are known for.

Your blog could be your virtual sales store..you can well have someone there who would like to advertise his products or services through your blog and obviously you get paid for that. So, just go ahead and hire a writer.

Why outsource ghostwriting jobs to India?

Those who have the minimum knowledge about ghostwriting know that it is an expensive affair and only people with lots of disposable income can afford it. Hiring a ghostwriter can be as expensive as buying a new car. If you visit some of the more common ghostwriting sites, you will find that the average price of ghostwriting a book starts from $20,000.

In Canada, the minimum fee charge for ghostwriting is stipulated by the Writer’s Union. The total minimum fee is as much as $25,000, for a 200 page book. This charge is besides the Research fees.

“Phew! I cannot afford that!”…is this what you are thinking? Relax! Now ghostwriting is absolutely within your reach. Believe me!

How? Outsourcing to India has made it possible.

India is a talent-rich country that offers its service at a much cheaper rate.

India has high tech facilities and the good infrastructure that is required to execute an outsourced job. Also the endless pool of English speaking workforce that provides good quality voice based services for extremely low costs results in huge savings for companies. This is the reason why most fortune 500 companies outsource jobs to India.

By outsourcing your ghostwriting jobs to India you save up to 80%. As you will find from www.writer4me.com, highly professional and talented ghostwriters whose qualities are at par or even better than their American, English or Canadian counterparts complete 200 page books against a very nominal fee.

So, such unbelievable low cost-high class ghostwriting makes outsourcing ghostwriting jobs to India the only feasible option.